Visualize and understand the concepts of electric flux through surfaces and solid angles in 3D space
Electric flux (Φ) is a measure of the number of electric field lines passing through a surface. It's calculated as Φ = E·A·cosθ, where E is the electric field strength, A is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to the surface.
Φ = E × A × cos(θ)
Solid angle (Ω) is the 3D analog of an angle. It measures how large the object looks from a point, measured in steradians (sr). For a sphere, the total solid angle is 4π sr. For a small surface area A at distance r from the point, Ω ≈ A/r² when A is perpendicular to the line of sight.
Ω = Aprojected / r²